Research Article

Severe aorto-iliac occlusive disease: Options beyond standard aortobifemoral bypass

Konstantinos Filis*, Constantinos Zarmakoupis, Fragiska Sigala and George Galyfos

Published: 12/27/2018 | Volume 2 - Issue 1 | Pages: 020-024

Mini Review

According to recent guidelines, endovascular angioplasty is the standard treatment for TASC A and B primary aorto-iliac occlusive (AIOD) disease, and the first-line approach for TASC C lesions [1,2].Extended TASC D occlusive disease is usually treated by open surgery yielding excellent patency rates at a cost of a higher mortality (2%-4%) and a severe morbidity (up to 10%) [3]. However, several studies have reported promising results after endovascular treatment of extensive AIOD and full reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation [4,5]. In a recent meta-analysis, Jongkind et al., concluded that endovascular treatment of extensive AIOD can be performed successfully by experienced interventionists in selected patients [6]. Although primary patency rates seem to be lower than those reported for surgical revascularization, reinterventions can often be performed percutaneously yielding a secondary patency comparable to surgical repair.

Common causes of chronic infrarenal aortic occlusion (CIAO) include: i) atherosclerotic occlusive disease; ii) middle aortic syndrome; iii) Takayasu arteritis; iv) fibromuscular dysplasia; v) neurofibromatosis; and vi) coral reef aorta [3,7-9]. Although standardized infrarenal aorto-bifemoral bypass (AoBFB) remains the surgical procedure of choice for CIAO, operative decisions may proceed beyond AoBFB in complicated cases. Different therapeutic strategies include axillo-(bi)femoral bypass (AxBFB), aortoiliac endarterectomy (AIE) or hybrid procedures. AxBFB grafting usually refers to patients of high risk for aortic clamping or patients with many comorbidities that prohibit an extensive transperitoneal procedure [10]. However, its primary patency is usually inferior compared to classic aortofemoral bypass surgery and AxBFB is associated with an increased risk for infections. In a recent systematic review, anatomical open procedures such as AIE showed very low perioperative mortality, with 5-year primary patency rates of over 80% [11]. Finally, hybrid procedures show equivalent midterm primary patency rates with the open procedures even for TASC D lesions while reducing perioperative mortality rates [12]. Hybrid procedures for aortoiliac disease usually include iliac stenting plus femoral endarterectomy or femorofemoral bypass.

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