https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt A Heighpubs Open Access Journal en-us 02/21/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1009.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>WHO defined leprosy elimination as reaching a prevalence < 1 case of leprosy per 10,000 inhabitants. Mali eliminated the disease since 2001 but in 2011, it recorded 226 new cases. This has a serious involvement in term of disease spreading. Therefore, we undertook a cross sectional study in Kenieba health district, still above the WHO recommended elimination threshold to better understand the disease epidemiology and its associated potential factors. The study took place from October 2013 to September 2014. All consenting villagers, living in one of the selected villages were included and clinically examined for leprosy signs.</p> <p>A total of 8,457 participants were included in this cross-sectional survey. The median age was 14 varying 0 to 102 years. The sex ratio was equal to 0.92. Nine new leprosy cases corresponding to a new case detection rate of 10.64 per 10,000 population were diagnosed. Four of them were multibacillary leprosy and three were found positive to acid-fast bacilli. The estimated prevalence of leprosy was 24.83 per 10,000 population. Living in Kenieba city (RR = 0.97, CI = [0.95-0.99]), using a bicycle (RR = 0.96, CI = [0.93- 0.99]) or other vehicle as transportation mean to reach the health center (RR = 0.96, CI = [0.93-0.99]) were protective factors significantly associated with new leprosy cases. Other factors such as age, education status, gender, time to reach a health center were not associated with leprosy case. Six among the nine health workers questioned knew at least two clinical signs of leprosy, three, its therapeutic regimens and three claimed to have previously being trained in diagnosing the disease.</p> <p>Despite leprosy elimination as a public health problem at the country level, it remains highly endemic in the health district of Kenieba.</p> 12/11/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1008.php <h2>Dear Editor</h2> <p>Actinic keratosis (AK) are scaly lesions caused by chronic ultraviolet-induced damage to the epidermis which are a proxy for excessive sun-exposure [1] that may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma [2-7]. Therefore, there is a need or continuous surveillance of such patients along with adapted information for an effective photo-protection, practical couselling on photoprotection towards the defined population, i.e. elderly with actinic keratosis. Thus, patient observance and adhesion to the dermatologist recommendations become a real public health issue. In this context, we aimed to evaluate through a non-interventional, real-life observational study, the impact of photoprotection counseling by the dermatologist on patients attitude towards sun exposure.</p> 10/22/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1007.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Broad-spectrum sunscreens are now widely used worldwide as an adjunct to help prevent sunburn, skin cancers and premature skin aging. In the United States, all persons older than 6 months are recommended to apply sunscreen to all sun-exposed skin from toes to head except eyes and mouth even on cloudy days. Such a recommendation is apparently based on concepts that exposure to sunlight damages the skin, the damage is cumulative and hence any sun exposure should be minimized or prevented. This communication raises several questions suggesting that the above recommendation may need to be reconsidered. For example, numerous previous studies have indicated many potential health benefits from non-burning sun exposure including protection against sunburn, melanoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer, increasing vitamin D synthesis, helping sleep, reducing blood pressure, heart attack and stroke. Recent studies suggested that regular lifetime non-burning sun exposure may not result in premature skin aging and the skin aging is mainly caused by the intrinsic factor. Skin aging or whole-body aging has been recently postulated to be mainly attributed to a gradual reduction in cardiac output/index with age and a new anti-aging or age-reversing nutritional theory has been proposed. An apparent lack of long-term cumulative sunray damage was also supported by reported age independence in incidences of sunburn and skin cancers. It is of interest that the current US policy is different from that of World Health Organization and Australia recommending the need of sun protection only when UV Index is 3 or greater. In view of the above, some general guidelines regarding when to best apply sunscreen are proposed.</p> 08/07/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1006.php <h2>Preface</h2> <p>Solar lentigo is defined as an alteration in cutaneous pigment deposition on account of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Solar lentigo is a benign, pigmented lesion with a characteristic increment in the quantification of pigmented keratinocytes. It can manifest as a dark brown spot on the skin.</p> 12/06/2018 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1005.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare, chronic, autoimmune bullous dermatosis affecting young children and adults. The exact pathogenesis of this disease is still unknown, although both humoral and cellular immune response are involved. Clinically, it may show heterogeneous skin manifestations. However, it is characterized histologically by linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits over the basal membrane, causing subepidermal blisters. Studies on LABD are relatively sparse and most of the publications are small series or single case reports. Several treatments are reported in literature, however, they should be used with care due to the risk of side effects. We report a case of linear IgA dermatosis with generalized lesions in a 7 year old child, with good outcome under dermocorticoids and antibiotics.</p> 05/23/2018 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1004.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Alopecia is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and it appears that there is a relationship between the degree of hair loss and the risk of coronary heart disease, meaning, the greater the severity of alopecia, the greater the risk of coronary heart disease. Alopecia is also associated with an increased risk of hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome as well as elevated serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It has not been definitively established whether patients with androgenetic alopecia have a higher cardiovascular risk or prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and results of recent studies indicate that androgenetic alopecia patients do not show differences in insulin resistance or the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. However, androgenetic alopecia patients do show a higher cardiovascular risk, characterised by increased inflammatory parameters and Lp(a) levels. Data collected from female populations are scarce, but it would be interesting to extend our clinical knowledge with this type of data to further our understanding of the connection between androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. The divergence in results from different studies done in this context may simply be a result of the composition of the study populations with respect to age, gender, severity of alopecia, sample size and perhaps ethnicity. In this connection, a large group of androgenetic alopecia patients is necessary, including different representative groups and varying severities of alopecia. Furthermore, it is recommended that all women and men with androgenetic alopecia be thoroughly examined and that lifestyle changes are made early on to reduce the risk of various problems associated with metabolic syndrome, since androgenetic alopecia can be considered an early marker of metabolic syndrome.</p> 12/08/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1003.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Lichen Planopilaris is known as the form of Lichen Planus typical of the scalp. It is classified as a lymphatic disease and is characterized by chronic inflammation which leads to cicatricial alopecia. Its causes are not yet well characterized but its etiology seems to strongly correlates with infection, sensitization and pollution. A clear and objective diagnosis of Lichen Planopilaris is not simple but the evolution and strongly negative outcomes on scalp of people affected by, pose the need of an early diagnosis. </p> <p>In this work we report the case of a 27-year-old male and a 54-year-old female, respectively, in which a correct diagnosis of Lichen Planopilaris, followed the incorrect previous ones, was made by means of dermatoscopy and histopathological analysis, decisive tools for the diagnosis of this kind of pathology.</p> 12/08/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1002.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular disease, including studies that have identified elevated rates of cardiovascular disease in patients with vertex hair loss, vertex and frontal hair loss, early onset hair loss and rapidly progressive hair loss. In addition, increased risks for hypertension, excess weight, abnormal lipids, insulin resistance, carotid atheromatosis and death from diabetes or heart disease have been reported in this population. Studies investigating an association between androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome have yielded conflicting findings. Distinct guidelines for the detection and prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals with androgenetic alopecia have not been established. In addition to the traditional risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease, included in the definition of the metabolic syndrome, several skin diseases have recently been shown to be markers of conditions relating to the patient’s overall health. Physicians should be aware of the possible connection between relatively frequent skin diseases, such as psoriasis and hair growth disruptions, including androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss and cardiovascular disease. This review is concentrated on the association between insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease and hair growth disruptions as an early indicator of these underlying conditions. We have investigated the importance of robust primary clinical treatment measures to address the manifestation of hair loss due to a disruption caused by metabolic syndrome as an effective means to alleviate further stress induced hair loss, which can exacerbate the underlying cause.</p> 10/18/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjdt/adr-aid1001.php <h2>Introduction</h2> <p>Pain is a complex phenomenon which is unpleasant. Different cosmetic procedures are associated with varying degrees of pain. Various modalities are adopted to decrease the severity of pain. The commonly used is the administration of analgesics (opioid or non-steroidal). The pain is carried to the brain by pain fibres. There are various theories about the pain [1,2]. Many attempts have been undertaken to find the modalities which decrease the perception of pain by the brain. The famous ‘gate theory’ was proposed in 1965 by Melzack et al. [3]. It was proposed that the pain experience can be reduced by the activation of nerve fibres that conduct non-toxic stimuli. The theory suggested that the stimulation of larger diameter fibres (A-beta) can close a neural ‘gate’ to nocioceptive signals and can reduce the perception of the pain. The ‘gate’ is proposed to lie within the spinal cord/brainstem and inhibits the transmission of nocioceptive action potentials to higher centres in the central nervous system [4]. The “post-synaptic inhibitory and fascilitatory mechanism” provide a basis for explaining the pain reducing strategies such as rubbing the painful area or applying cold or vibration to decrease the perception of the pain. Various topical irritants used in a few ‘magic’ creams also work on the same principle.</p>