https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd A Heighpubs Open Access Journal en-us 04/09/2021 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1023.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Introduction: In endodontically treated teeth, dentinal defects such as microcracks can progress to a vertical root fracture and lead to tooth loss.</p> <p>Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography analysis, the formation of dentinal microcracks during filling removal in endodontic retreatment of root canals filled with gutta-percha and Total Fill BC bioceramic sealer.</p> <p>Methods: Twenty mesial roots of mandibular molars were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha and Total Fill BC sealer and then the filling material was removed with rotary Protaper Retreatment files. The specimens were scanned before instrumentation, after filling and after retreatment. The transversal images obtained after filling were compared with the images obtained after removal of the filling material. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.</p> <p>Results: Among the 24.444 cross-sections analyzed, 5.67% presented some type of dentinal defect, with 0.51% in the initial images, 2.58% in the post-filling images and 2.58% in the post-retreatment images. All the dentinal defects identified in the images obtained after the retreatment were already present in the corresponding images after the filling. New dentinal microcracks were not observed after removal of the filling material.</p> <p>Conclusion: Retreatment of mesial roots of mandibular molars filled with a silicate-based root canal filling material do not influence the formation of dentinal microcracks.</p> 11/15/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1010.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Precis: This Literature review is intended to provide dental practitioners with an update of the implications that Alcoholism poses to them.<br /> Statement of the problem: Alcoholism raises several distinct problems for dental professionals.</p> <p>Purpose of the study: The focus of this review has been to primarily identify and critically appraise the associations between alcoholism and the various difficulties that have been derived from the literature.</p> <p>Materials and methods: A structured review of the literature was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library, additional searching of reference lists was also undertaken. A number of articles were critically analyzed which included Cochrane and systematic reviews, meta-analyses and a number of cross-sectional studies. The data was compared under several headings and tabulated in certain instances.</p> <p>Results: Alcoholism raises various implications that dental professionals should be aware of including increased incidences of caries, periodontal disease, pathological tooth wear & oral cancer. Chronic Alcohol intake interacts with the pharmacodynamics and kinetics of many routinely prescribed medications in routine dental practice. In addition, there are problems related to access to care and during acute episodes of intoxication abusers may participate in antisocial behavior in the healthcare environment.</p> <p>Conclusion: Alcoholism has several implications for the dental team, however, dentists who are familiar with the manifestations of the illness, as well as the challenges raised in dental practice can confidently offer these patients a full range of dental treatment.</p> 12/23/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1022.php <p>Summary</p> <p>Stability of esthetic implant buccal soft and hard tissue contour using freeze-dried bone allograft in early implant placement with contour augmentation.</p> 09/04/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1021.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Maxillofacial defects are very common and can be due to congenital defect, trauma, infections and neoplasms of facial region. These defects can be restored using different materials and retention methods to give a life like appearance. Rehabilitation of facial defect is a very challenging task. Every good prosthesis needs a skillful hand and it all starts with making a good impression of that defect and to proceed with the same. The aim of present paper was to present a simplified approach for the fabrication of custom tray to take facial impression of the patient with maxillofacial defect.</p> 07/21/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1020.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> With the availability of different post systems and various studies on the strength of teeth restored with posts, the controversy as to which post systems provide better stress distribution of post and longevity of tooth has not been resolved. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution of three different post materials using finite element analysis.</p> <p><strong>Materials and nethod: </strong>Three dimensional finite element models of central incisor, three posts with crown were constructed on computer with software. Posts of three different materials (Ni-Cr post, Glass fiber post, and Zirconia post)with zirconia crown were virtually generated and a force of 100 N was applied at an angle of 450 on the palatal surface of the crown. Von Mises stresses were evaluated on the cervical, middle and apical third of the root.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum stresses were seen on the cervical one-third in each post material indicating that this region is more prone to fracture in tooth restored with posts. Among the three materials tested, Ni-Cr post showed maximum stress generation followed by Zirconia post and glass fiber post. The maximum stresses generated by the posts were 11.4 MPa, 10.58 MPa and 4.11 MPa respectively.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The less rigid post material like glass fiber post can be used in an endodontically treated anterior teeth.</p> 06/12/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1019.php <p>Cement-retained implant-supported restorations has been preferred by many clinicians due to its ease of production, low cost and similarity to dental supported restorations [1].  In the literature, many complications caused by residual cement, ranging from acute severe bone resorption to implant loss, have been published as a case report/ series [2-7]. In another study [8], residual cement was seen in 81% of implant cases that are clinically identified as peri- implantitis. Hence it has been indicated that a strong relationship has been determined between residual cement and development of chronic peri-implant infection [9].</p> 05/15/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1018.php <p>018Calcium is the most common element in the tooth’s structure. In addition, calcium is one of the elements that are effective in maintaining dental health. As a result of calcium deficiency, the tooth becomes brittle and begins to rot. Calcium deficiency usually occurs in acidic beverage consumption and during canal treatment.</p> 04/28/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1017.php <p>Behavioral dentistry is an interdisciplinary science, which needs to be learned, practiced and reinforced in the context of clinical care and within the community oral health care system. The objective of this science is to develop in a dental practitioner an understanding of the interpersonal, intrapersonal, social forces that influence the patients’ behavior. The clinician must acquire knowledge to develop appropriate behavioral skills with an improved quality of communication and management of patients. Behavior dentistry also teaches to develop a recognition and understanding that the body and mind are not separate entities and focuses on patients’ social, emotional and physiological dental experiences.</p> 04/24/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1016.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of the study was to evaluate if there is a link between salivary pepsin levels and tooth erosion. Also, to determine if gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is responsible for much of the tooth erosion seen by dentists.</p> <p><strong>Background:</strong> Pepsin is only produced within the stomach. If found within other parts of the body [for example within saliva or sputum samples], the only mechanism by which that would be possible is via the reflux of gastric contents. One of the causes of dental erosion is thought to be due to direct contact between tooth surfaces and acidic substances and digestive enzymes present in gastric refluxate. GERD is a common condition, with its prevalence seemingly trending higher in recent decades. It is reportedly a known cause of tooth erosions. From the hypothesis, there was an expectation to see patients with dental erosions to have pepsin detected [and perhaps at high levels] and to see patients without dental erosions to have no or low levels of pepsin.</p> <p><strong>Method: </strong>Three saliva samples were collected [on waking and 2 post-prandial] from 50 anonymous participating patients (26 females, 24 males) from a single dental practice. Extra information was collected related to lifestyle, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI – reflux questionnaire) and tooth erosions. These samples were analyzed for the stomach enzyme pepsin using the validated medical device Peptest.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> There was no correlation between positive pepsin levels and the presence of tooth erosion during this study. There was a statistical difference between the on waking pH vs. positive pepsin levels and post prandial pH vs. positive pepsin levels. The average pH was lower for on waking and post-prandial samples with positive pepsin, suggesting that the saliva was acidic and gastric reflux had occurred. Conversely, the average pH was higher for on waking and post-prandial samples with negative pepsin. There was no statistical difference between pH vs. tooth erosion in the on waking and post- prandial.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients identified as having tooth erosion did not have higher levels of pepsin detected, suggesting that pepsin was not associated with dental erosion in these patients.</p> 04/03/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1015.php <p>The presence of bifid mandibu¬lar canals is an unusual but not rare occurrence. The mandibular canal containing the inferior alveolar artery, vein, and nerve, originates from the mandibular foramen and terminates at mental foramen [1-4]. In radiology, mandibular canal’s appearance has been described as “a radiolucent dark ribbon between two white lines”[5]. White and Pharoah defined it as “dark linear shadow with thin radiopaque superior and inferior borders cast by the lamella of bone that bounds the canal” [6]. Understanding of its anatomic variations is very important due to its clinical implications in various oral and maxillofacial treatments like removal of wisdom teeth [7], mandibular implant placement [8], in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedures and during fixation of mandibular fractures. Presence of bifid or multiple mandibular canals forces the clinician to change the treatment plan. Ignoring this variation can cause several complications intra or postoperatively or even result in failure of treatment. For instance a bifid canal if ignored during surgical removal of third molar or dental implant placement can cause prolonged pain even after administering local anesthesia and also severe bleeding if the accessory canal is encroached [2].</p> 03/18/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1014.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Socioeconomic barriers appears to be the greatest threat to dental care apart from considering the geographic location of the population. Access to need of care becomes primary consideration and through teleconsultation it is possible to overcome these barriers. As oral cavity being gateway to entry of health problems, dental treatment becomes a pivotal in health care system. Tele medicine and Tele dentistry becomes effective in treatment of health problems, reducing the chances of late stage detection of the abnormalities. It allows us to utilize our time better and screen more patients. This article aims to provide amazing technology of Tele dentistry involving all the dental specialties to reach all the populations of the society.</p> 01/09/2020 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1013.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Statement of problem:</strong> Provisional restorations play a critical role in the success of restorative treatment so they must maintain their integrity in the oral environment throughout the diagnostic and restorative phases.</p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the hardness of four different materials used fabrication of interim restoration.</p> <p><strong>Material and methods:</strong> Ten samples with dimensions of 10mmx10mmx2mm were fabricated from four interim materials (DPI, Tempron, Protemp 4 and Transcan). Hardness of samples was measured using Fischer scope hardness tester.</p> <p><strong>Result:</strong> The highest mean hardness was found in Heat polymerizing acrylic resin group. ANOVA test indicated F value to be 2201.01 which was highly significant (<em>p</em> < 0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Heat polymerizing resin and bisacrylics may be considered in a long term provisional fixed prosthesis.</p> 11/25/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1012.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Gingival recession is defined as apical migration of the gingival epithelium leading to the exposure of root surface. There are many surgical procedures for treating gingival recessions and the main goal is to cover the exposed tooth surface by soft tissue augmentation. The surgical techniques performed for root coverage has their own advantages and limitations. The surgical technique used for managing the gingival recession is the major factor that determines the outcome and the long term result of the procedure. The most common surgical technique in treating the isolated gingival recession is the lateral pedicle graft and the surgical technique with highest percentage of root coverage is the connective tissue graft. This case report deals with the management of an isolated gingival recession with lateral pedicle and connective tissue graft. The outcome of the procedure was excellent having complete root coverage.</p> 11/21/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1011.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Fibrous dysplasia is an osteolytic lesion in which bone is replaced by an instable fibrous osseous tissue. The aim of this case report is to highlight dental rehabilitation (bone grafts to allow dental implant) on patients suffering of this condition.</p> <p>A 39-year-old female with a hard-traumatic event in childhood desired a dental implant rehabilitation on her teeth 19 and 30 after an orthodontic alignment. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was performed showing a massive radiopaque lesion of the anterior mandible. The bone grafts and dental implants were successfully managed. A non-invasive treatment with regular follow up was chosen for this case. No evolution was noticed twenty-four month later at the follow up CBCT.</p> 08/20/2019 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1009.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Aim and objective:</strong> Dentistry for children is not difficult but is different from what is practiced for adults. The children reacts to differently to people and places around them. Anxiety is an emotional state that helps normal individual defend themselves against a variety of threats and Dental anxiety refers to patients specific response towards dental suitation-associated stress. So the aim is to evaluate the anxiety related management of the children using intellectual mind game of the individual.</p> <p><strong>Study design</strong>: The background of the study is to evaluate and study the effectiveness of anxiety control of children using colour distraction between 5 and 12 yrs of age group as one part and the intellectual distraction of children between the same age group using buchanan facial imaging scale and intellectual coloured game chart.</p> <p><strong>Results and conclusion</strong>: lowering of anxiety was noticed in the children obtained the favorite colours in the dental environment and easy distraction can be achieved using intellectual gamings.</p> 12/31/2018 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1008.php <h2>Short Communication</h2> <p>Functional appliances used in correction of class II malocclusions are shown to modify the neuromuscular environment of dentition & associated bones. There are many studies related to the skeletal, dental and neuromuscular changes which are evaluated cephalometrically, clinically as well as with the recent diagnostic aids like MRI. The aim of this short communication was to highlight and discuss the different aspects of condylar modifications and its role in its growth.</p> 10/26/2018 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1007.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Successful implant restoration is depending on an adequate surgical and prosthetic protocol. In the last few years an increase in Peri-Implantitis has been attributed, in part, to the excess cement left around the implant collar and threads, leading in many cases to bone loss and even the complete failure of the implant treatment [1-5].</p> <p><strong>This article will attempt</strong>: 1. To describe a proper cementation protocol for cement-retained implant restorations to reduce cement induced implant failures, and 2. To review the alternative implant restorative options to cement-retained crowns such as screw-retained restorations, screwless and cementless implant restorations, screw-retained-cemented implant crown, angulated screw channel restorations, the lingual locking screw-retained restorations and the multi-unit abutment restorations.</p> 07/25/2018 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1006.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the colour stability of 3 recently developed resin based materials continuously exposed to various staining agents.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: 144 disc-shaped specimens were made of each of the 3 tested composites (Essentia, Brillant, Inspiro). Half of them were of 1mm thickness, the other half 1.2mm thickness. The thicker group was than polished up to 4000 grit and reduced to 1mm thickness, too. All specimens after 24 h dry storage in an incubator (INP-500, Memmert), received an initial colour measurement by means of a calibrated reflectance spectrophotometer (SpectroShade, MHT, Niederhasli, Switzerland). Specimens were then divided into 6 groups (n=6) and immersed in 5 staining solutions or artificial saliva (control). All specimens were kept in an incubator at 37°C for 28 days. Staining solutions (red wine, curry mixed water, curry mixed oil, tea and coffee) were changed every 7th day to avoid bacteria or yeast contamination. After 28 days of storage spectrophotometric measurements were repeated and L*a*b* scores once more recorded to determine the colour (ΔE00) changes.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: All tested materials showed significant color changes after 28 days staining immersion.</p> <p>When considered over a black background ΔE00 of polished samples varied from 1.7 (Brillant/distilled water) to 24.1 (Brillant/wine).</p> <p>When considered over a white background ΔE00 of polished samples varied from 1.1 (Essentia/distilled water) to 32.5 (Inspiro/wine).</p> <p>When considered over a black background ΔE00 of unpolished samples varied from 1.1 (Essentia, Inspiro/distilled water) to 25.8 (Essentia/wine).</p> <p>When considered over a white background ΔE00 of unpolished samples varied from 1.4(Inspiro/distilled water) to 33.1 (Inspiro/wine).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Staining of restorative materials seems to be dependent on the composition of the product itself. Unpolished samples demonstrated to be more prone to staining than the polished ones</p> 11/20/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1005.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Direct bonding of a lingual retainer is challenging because it requires a long working time on the lingual aspect of the anterior teeth. Due to no direct vision there is a risk of contamination from saliva and moisture, which can cause bond failure; and it is difficult to apply the adhesive exactly where it is needed. The indirect method described in this article shows an easy way to increase better-quality bonding of the retainer.</p> 06/08/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1004.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>The neuromuscular disorders may be hereditary, autoimmune, and in some cases with unknown etiology. These diseases are characterized by progressive course, muscle weakness, and in an advanced stage with binding the patient to a wheelchair. This group includes a number of diseases, but from the dental perspective, the most interesting are muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscular disorders affect the oral cavity and the impact on oral hygiene procedures should be monitored with great attention.</p> 02/24/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1003.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Background: </strong>A cracked tooth may be challenging for dentists because it may present with varied intensities, may be asymptomatic, and may still not be clinically visible. The transilumination method can facilitate diagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment in such cases. The aim of the present article wasto report a clinical case of an anterior cracked tooth with a nonesthetic class IV restoration.</p> <p><strong>Clinical considerations</strong>: A 22-year-old male patient with chief complaint of esthetics of upper front tooth reported a history of dental trauma. Transilumination with a dental curing light unit was used to examine the region. The tooth 11 was diagnosed with several cracks and a nonesthetic class IV restoration. For repair, the universal adhesive system Scotchbond Universal was applied without previous acid etching, followed by the application of Filtek Z350 of color type B2 (for body) above the old restoration, taking care to slightly overlap the fracture line with the composite and to not extend the composite until the incisal margin. Subsequently, a thin layer of Filtek Z350 of color type B2 (for enamel) was applied over the bevel until the incisal margin, and the tooth shape was carved.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This case report demonstrates simplified diagnosis of an anterior cracked tooth with transilumination; following repair, the esthetic quality of the restoration was considered satisfactory and approved by the patient.</p> 01/19/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1001.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor arising from the proliferation of cancellous or compact bone. In the facial bones, both central and peripheral osteomas have been described in the literature. Peripheral type of osteoma is the most common variant in the mandible, which occurs on the cortical bone surface. We present a case of a fourteen year old boy who had swelling on right and left parasymphyseal region. Radiographs revealed radiopacity having onion-peel appearance and histopathology gave the final diagnosis of osteoma. Periosteal reaction giving rise to onion peel appearance on the radiograph has been reported in Ewing sarcoma, Garre’s osteomyelitis and infantile cortical hyperostosis in the literature but our case shows that similar appearance can be there in osteoma as well.</p> 01/20/2017 https://www.theskygallerypattaya.com/hjd/jcad-aid1002.php <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly presented with an aberration of teeth that lacks the constriction at the level of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). It is characterized by elongated pulp chambers and apical displacement of bifurcation or trifurcation of the roots, forming a rectangular shape. Whilst, it appears most frequently as an isolated anomaly, its association with several syndromes and abnormalities has also been reported in the literature. Although permanent molars are most commonly affected, this anomaly could also be seen in deciduous dentition, unilaterally or bilaterally, and in any combination of teeth or quadrants. These morphological anomalies pose various challenges to the dentist during their endodontic treatment. Modern diagnostic tools such as Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), loupes and Dental operating microscopes (DOM) help in achieving better treatment outcome in such cases. The presented article elaborates diagnosis and successful management of 2 rare cases of taurodontism in permanent molars.</p>